Title
Topic
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‘Strategic Behavior of Large Language Models and the Role of Game Structure Versus Contextual Framing’
“This paper investigates the strategic behavior of large language models (LLMs) across various game-theoretic settings, scrutinizing the interplay between game structure and contextual framing in decision-making. We focus our analysis on three advanced LLMs—GPT-3.5, GPT-4, and LLaMa-2—and how they navigate both the intrinsic aspects of different games and the nuances of their surrounding contexts. Our results highlight discernible patterns in each model’s strategic approach.” Find the paper and full list of authors in Scientific Reports.
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‘Lipid Nanoparticles Target Haematopoietic Stem Cells’
In this review, University Distinguished Professor of pharmaceutical sciences and chemical engineering Mansoor Amiji, with co-author Dimitrios Bitounis, discuss “a novel class of non-viral lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-based formulations for the in vivo delivery of genetic therapies to HSC [haematopoietic stem cells] in the bone marrow with the potential to treat blood disorders,” which have the potential to overcome clinical risks that “require removal of the patients own HSC, their curative modification, and transplantation back to the patient.”
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How the placebo effect masks cognitive training gains
In this book chapter, titled “Expectations and Placebo Effects in the Context of Cognitive Training,” professors of psychology Susanne Jaeggi and Aaron Seitz, with co-authors Jocelyn Parong and C. Shawn Green, discuss the difficulties of quantifying the improvements brought on by cognitive training, as “the curse of specificity” means one form of cognitive training will often not create improvement in other areas. “The very nature of cognitive training interventions,” they write, “makes placebo effects a possible concern.”
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Northeastern partners with National Science Foundation to launch regional research security center
Backed by a five-year $4.9 million investment from the NSF, the center will be an information clearinghouse for the research community.
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How Nackey Scripps Loeb became the Republican Party’s ‘Political Godmother’
Associate professor Meg Heckman’s book, “Political Godmother: Nackey Scripps Loeb and the Newspaper That Shook the Republican Party” tells the story of “Newspaper publisher and GOP kingmaker Nackey Scripps Loeb,” according to the publisher’s webpage. Heckman’s examination “reveals Loeb as a force of nature, more than willing to wield her tremendous clout and able to convince the likes of Pat Buchanan to challenge a sitting president.”
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Teaching ophthalmology virtually: Two solutions
Tony Succar, lecturer in the College of Professional Studies, has co-authored a book chapter titled, “Digital Teaching and Learning: The Future of Ophthalmology Education,” which “highlights two digital teaching programs developed by” Succar’s working group, “implemented to act as a countermeasure to the restrictions placed in response to the pandemic,” the authors write. These programs “have proven that face-to-face learning is not required for all aspects of the ophthalmology medical student teaching,” and will continue to be employed post-pandemic. Find the chapter and full list of authors at “Digital Teaching, Learning and Assessment: The Way Forward,” or on Science Direct.
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‘Sweet and sensitive CE-MS method for quantitative characterization of native N-glycomes’
The Ivanov Lab has published a blog post detailing their “development of innovative sample preparation and nanoflow-based liquid phase separation techniques coupled with mass spectrometry for molecular (e.g., proteomic, glycomic) profiling of amount-limited biological and biomedically-relevant samples,” they write. “By minimizing the number of sample preparation steps and employing more efficient, low volume (nL-/pL-level)-based analytical techniques, we aim to detect, identify, structurally characterize, and quantify more molecular features (e.g., proteins and glycans) at lower sample amounts compared to conventional techniques.” Find the blog post and full list of authors in Springer Nature’s Chemistry Research Community.
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Serrador edits essays collecting latest research in ‘Mastering Project Leadership’
Pedro Serrador, a lecturer in the College of Professional Studies at Northeastern University, has edited “a collection of essays from key researchers in the field of project management who describe what they feel are the most impactful findings from research,” according to the publisher’s webpage. “Mastering Project Leadership: Insights from the Research” collects experts on topics as wide ranging as local stakeholder interactions with project managers to error, bias and how to leverage deadlines effectively.
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‘Methods for assessing and removing non-specific photoimmunotherapy damage in patient-derived tumor cell culture models’
“Tumor-targeted, activatable photoimmunotherapy (taPIT) has been shown to selectively destroy tumor in a metastatic mouse model. However, the photoimmunoconjugate (PIC) used for taPIT includes a small fraction of non-covalently associated (free) benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD), which leads to non-specific killing in vitro. Here, we report a new treatment protocol for patient-derived primary tumor cell cultures ultrasensitive to BPD photodynamic therapy (BPD-PDT). … The modifications in the protocol suggested here improve in vitro taPIT experiments that lack in vivo mechanisms of free BPD clearance (i.e., lymph and blood flow).”Find the paper and full list of authors at Photochemistry and Photobiology.
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Wegst presents primer on ‘Freeze casting’
“When solutions and slurries are directionally solidified, complex dynamics of solvent crystal growth and solvent templating determine the final hierarchical architecture of the freeze-cast material. With continuous X-ray tomoscopy, it is now possible to study in situ intricate and otherwise elusive ice crystal growth and solvent-templating phenomena. … The freeze casting process is attractive because the features of the final hierarchical material architecture … can be custom designed for a given application … [and] can be tailored for applications in, for example, biomedicine, environmental engineering, catalysis, power conversion, and energy generation and storage.Find the paper and full list of authors…
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‘Experimentally Probing the Effect of Confinement Geometry on Lipid Diffusion’
“The lateral mobility of molecules within the cell membrane is ultimately governed by the local environment of the membrane. … Here, we prepare model lipid systems on substrates patterned with confined domains of varying geometries constructed with different materials to explore the influences of physical boundary conditions and specific molecular interactions on diffusion. We demonstrate a platform that is capable of significantly altering and steering the long-range diffusion of lipids by using simple oxide deposition approaches, enabling us to systematically explore how confinement size and shape impact diffusion.”Find the paper and authors list in the Journal of Physical Chemistry B.
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‘Rapidly Changing Range Limits in a Warming World: Critical Data Limitations and Knowledge Gaps for Advancing Understanding of Mangrove Range Dynamics’
“Climate change is altering species’ range limits and transforming ecosystems. For example, warming temperatures are leading to the range expansion of tropical, cold-sensitive species at the expense of their cold-tolerant counterparts. In some temperate and subtropical coastal wetlands, warming winters are enabling mangrove forest encroachment into salt marsh, which is a major regime shift that has significant ecological and societal ramifications. Here, we synthesized existing data and expert knowledge to assess the distribution of mangroves near rapidly changing range limits in the southeastern USA.”Find the paper and full list of authors in Estuaries and Coasts.
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‘Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Cognitive Function in Adults With Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’
“Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that impairs the cognitive function of individuals. Aerobic exercise stands out as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for enhancing cognitive function and promoting brain health. … Twelve randomized trials including 945 adults with MDD were included. Results indicated that aerobic exercise significantly improved overall cognitive function … and the sub-domains of memory … and executive function. … Significant benefits in cognitive function were found from moderate-to-vigorous (mixed) intensity … aerobic exercise conducted 3 times per week.”Find the paper and full list of authors in the International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology.
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‘Revisiting the Roles of Catalytic Residues in Human Ornithine Transcarbamylase’
“Human ornithine transcarbamylase (hOTC) is a mitochondrial transferase protein involved in the urea cycle and is crucial for the conversion of toxic ammonia to urea. Structural analysis coupled with kinetic studies of Escherichia coli, rat, bovine, and other transferase proteins has identified residues that play key roles in substrate recognition and conformational changes but has not provided direct evidence for all of the active residues involved. … Here, computational methods were used to predict the likely active residues of hOTC; the function of these residues was then probed with site-directed mutagenesis and biochemical characterization.”Find the paper and authors list in Biochemistry.
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A decision-making guide to ‘Sustainability in Business’
“Sustainability in Business,” written by associate teaching professor of finance and director of the Business Sustainability Initiative David H. Myers, “provides an approach to sustainable decision-making rooted in financial and economic literature,” according to the publisher’s webpage. The text supplies a framework for sustainable practices that businesses can adopt while expanding their market reach, innovation and leverage, all while attending to “the different definitions of sustainability and the role those differences” play in business operations.
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‘Framework for Department-Level Accountability To Diversify Engineering’
“Diverse teams are more innovative and creative. Nevertheless, science, technology, engineering and mathematics disciplines, including bioengineering, continue to fall short in increasing representation from persons from groups historically excluded because of their ethnicity or race. … In this Perspective, we present a framework for building, assessing and continuously improving strategic plans to improve recruitment and retention and to make departments more inclusive, including the collection of demographic data, the establishment and assessment of DEI plans, specific goal setting and assessment of achievements, with specific examples and guidelines.”Find the paper and full list of authors at Nature Reviews Bioengineering.
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Zhao receives NSF award for modeling ammonia production methods
“Chemical engineering assistant professor Qing Zhao was awarded a $537,226 NSF award for ‘Automated Embedded Correlated Wavefunction Theory for Kinetic Modeling in Heterogeneous Catalysis.’ The research will investigate ammonia production with a goal of developing advanced computational modeling tools to understand fundamental chemistry in ammonia synthesis powered by renewable electrical energy/stored electrons.”
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For a volatile world, a practical guide to ‘Business Resilience’
As the complexity and volatility of the world increase, associate professor in project management Serhiy Kovela — writing with Islam Choudhury, David Roberts, Sheila Roberts and Jawwad Tanvir — has produced “Business Resilience,” which the publisher’s webpage calls “a practical guide to making organizations more resilient and improving current practices by building on what the organization does well.” The authors provide “new models for resilience and progress,” which focus on building a foundation of resilience into a company while still prioritizing progress.
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Engineering professor receives 2024 Excellence in Teaching Award
“First-year engineering teaching professor Joshua Hertz received the 2024 University Excellence in Teaching Award. … Hertz has been instrumental in advancing instruction in the Cornerstone of Engineering program. He emphasizes a curriculum based on highly open-ended problems, increasing students’ self-efficacy and tolerance for ambiguity. His hands-on approach and commitment to experiential learning has students work with community and global partners, supporting Northeastern’s mission to create engaged, passionate, ethical problem solvers.”
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How Buddhist architecture has fostered ‘a comprehensive culture that sustains life’
Co-edited by associate professor of architecture Shuishan Yu, with Aibin Yan of East China University, “Buddhist Architecture in East Asia” examines how Buddhism “transformed not only the intellectual and practical lives but also the built environments of East Asia” over two millennia. The editors attempt “to restore a more balanced picture of Buddhist practice and the built environment by incorporating buildings and planning from the overlooked regions and aspects of Buddhism.” The volume prioritizes “in-depth discussions of examples from regions and cultures of religious hybridity [that] … foster a comprehensive culture that sustains life and identity of a place.”
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National Institute of Aging supports Apfeld lifespan research
Javier Apfeld, associate professor of biology, has received funding from the National Institute of Aging for “Genome-Wide CRISPR Activation: A Novel Strategy for Identifying Anti-Aging Targets.” Apfeld writes that, “This project will characterize and optimize a novel time and cost saving toolkit that allows simple, rapid and robust activation of gene expression in the widely used model organism C. elegans, bringing new capabilities to systematically test the effect of gene activation in a broad range of biological problems. These capabilities will be employed to search for novel genes whose activation promotes healthy aging and increases lifespan.”
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‘Geometric Origin of the Intrinsic Transverse Spin Transport in a Canted-Antiferromagnet/Heavy-Metal Heterostructure’
“We theoretically study the conditions under which an intrinsic spin Nernst effect—a transverse spin current induced by an applied temperature gradient—can occur in a canted-antiferromagnet insulator, such as LaFeO3 and other materials of the same family. … Our paper provides a general derivation of a symmetry-breaking-induced spin Nernst effect, which may open a path to engineering a finite spin Nernst effect in systems where it would otherwise not arise.” Find the paper and full list of authors at Physical Review B.
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Leading nanomedicine researcher named Highly Ranked Scholar by ScholarGPS
Northeastern University Distinguished Professor Vladimir Torchilin has been named a Highly Ranked Scholar by ScholarGPS for research advances in the fields of drug delivery and nanomedicine.