Title
Topic
-
‘Location Effects of the UN Environment Program (UNEP) in Nairobi Kenya: Challenges and Opportunities’
“In 1972, Nairobi, Kenya became the first developing country to host the headquarters of a UN organization, the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). UNEP’s presence in Nairobi has increased Kenya’s global governance stature. However, it has not fulfilled the promise of promoting greater input from developing countries. The location has posed challenges to UNEP, including security concerns, recruitment and retention of staff, communication and infrastructure difficulties, and the need for resources.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors at the Insights @ Center for Emerging Markets.
-
‘Optimal Cancer Evasion in a Dynamic Immune Microenvironment Generates Diverse Post-Escape Tumor Antigenicity Profiles’
“The failure of cancer treatments, including immunotherapy, continues to be a major obstacle in preventing durable remission. This failure often results from tumor evolution, both genotypic and phenotypic, away from sensitive cell states. Here, we propose a mathematical framework for studying the dynamics of adaptive immune evasion that tracks the number of tumor-associated antigens available for immune targeting.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors at ELife Sciences.
-
‘Conceptualizing Human–Nature Relationships: Implications of Human Exceptionalist Thinking’
“Human exceptionalism (HE) … involv[es] the belief that humans and human societies exist independently of the ecosystems in which they are embedded, promoting a sharp ontological boundary between humans and the rest of the natural world. In this paper, we introduce HE in more depth, exploring the impact of HE on perceptions of the human–nature relationship, the role of culture in HE, and speculating on the origins of HE. We consider potential implications for environmental decision-making, conservation and environmental science, and promoting proenvironmental behavior. ” Read the paper and see the full list of authors at Topics in Cognitive Science.
-
‘Cell Invasion During Competitive Growth of Polycrystalline Solidification Patterns’
“Spatially extended cellular and dendritic array structures forming during solidification processes … are generally polycrystalline. Both the array structure within each grain and the larger scale grain structure determine the performance of many structural alloys. How those two structures coevolve during solidification remains poorly understood. By in situ observations of microgravity alloy solidification experiments onboard the International Space Station, we have discovered that individual cells from one grain can unexpectedly invade a nearby grain of different misorientation, either as a solitary cell or as rows of cells.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors in Nature Communications.
-
‘Body Mechanics, Optimality and Sensory Feedback in the Human Control of Complex Objects’
“Humans are adept at a wide variety of motor skills, including the handling of complex objects and using tools. Advances to understand the control of voluntary goal-directed movements have focused on simple behaviors such as reaching, uncoupled to any additional object dynamics. … This study examined a task with internal dynamics, inspired by the daily skill of transporting a cup of coffee, with additional expected or unexpected perturbations to probe the structure of the controller.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors in Neural Computation.
-
‘Changes in Water Flow Alter Community Dynamics in Oyster Reefs’
Professor of marine and environmental sciences Jonathan Grabowski, with professor Sean Powers from the University of South Alabama, has published a new paper in Ecosphere. “Water flow can influence individual fitness and local population dynamics, but less is known about the collective response of natural communities to alteration in water flow. … To examine how changes in water flow affected initial larval settlement patterns of epifaunal and infaunal animals, colonization of larger individuals, and prey survival, we manipulated water flow (−50% or +47%) in situ using large wooden channels over small experimental oyster reefs.”
-
‘Why Do We Need to Learn about Citational Practices?’
“How do you decide which papers to cite, how many, and from which particular sources? We reflect and discuss the implications of these critical questions based on our experiences in the panel and workshops on the topic of citational justice that took place at CSCW, CLIHC, and India HCI in 2021.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors in XRDS: Crossroads.
-
‘Automated Active Space Selection With Dipole Moments’
“Selecting a suitable active space for multireference calculations is nontrivial, and the selection of an unsuitable active space can sometimes lead to results that are not physically meaningful. … In this work, we have developed and evaluated two protocols for automated selection of the active space for multireference calculations based on a simple physical observable, the dipole moment, for molecules with nonzero ground-state dipole moments.” Find the paper and the full list of authors at the Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation.
-
Fayyad answers ‘Why Most Machine Learning Applications Fail To Deploy’
Despite the recent excitement around artificial intelligence endeavors, especially chatbots like ChatGPT, professor of practice and the executive director of the Institute for Experiential AI at the Roux Institute Usama Fayyad points out how, in enterprise environments, machine learning projects often fail to get off the ground. In evaluating how businesses can more successfully deploy those projects, Fayyad points to several options, including estimating the return on investment, building trust, and more.
-
‘Protected or Porous: A Comparative Analysis of Threat Detection Capability of IoT Safeguards’
“Consumer Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly common, from smart speakers to security cameras, in homes. Along with their benefits come potential privacy and security threats. To limit these threats a number of commercial services have become available (IoT safeguards). The safeguards claim to provide protection against IoT privacy risks and security threats. However, the effectiveness and the associated privacy risks of these safeguards remains a key open question. In this paper, we investigate the threat detection capabilities of IoT safeguards for the first time.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors in ArXiv.
-
‘High Purity Hydrogen Separation With HT-PBI Based Electrochemical Pump Operation at 120 °C’
“Electrochemical Hydrogen Pumps (EHP) provide a unique highly efficient means of separating and compressing hydrogen with continuous steady-state operation. In this paper, we demonstrate the performance of a commercially available, polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane based platform as a benchmark for ultra-high efficiency performance.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors in the Journal of The Electrochemical Society.
-
Isolating plastics to analyze pollutants
Professor of marine and environmental sciences Aron Stubbins, working with graduate teaching assistant Erin Tuttle, has published a new paper in Environmental Pollution describing “An acidic/oxidative digestion that quantitatively removes cellulose acetate.” This process “preserve[s] plastics while digesting synthetic cellulose acetate and a range of organics encountered in environmental samples,” thus isolating the plastics for further study. Find “An optimized acidic digestion for the isolation of microplastics from biota-rich samples and cellulose acetate matrices” in Environmental Pollution.
-
‘Lattice Network for Lightweight Image Restoration’
“Deep learning has made unprecedented progress in image restoration (IR), where residual block (RB) is popularly used and has a significant effect on promising performance. However, the massive stacked RBs bring about burdensome memory and computation cost. To tackle this issue, we aim to design an economical structure for adaptively connecting pair-wise RBs, thereby enhancing the model representation.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors in IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.
-
‘Going Beyond Binary: Rapid Identification of Protein–Protein Interaction Modulators’
“Kinetic target-guided synthesis (KTGS) is a powerful screening approach that enables identification of small molecule modulators for biomolecules. While many KTGS variants have emerged, a majority of the examples suffer from limited throughput and a poor signal/noise ratio, hampering reliable hit detection. Herein, we present our optimized multifragment KTGS screening strategy that tackles these limitations.” Read “Going Beyond Binary: Rapid Identification of Protein–Protein Interaction Modulators Using a Multifragment Kinetic Target-Guided Synthesis Approach” and see the full list of authors in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry.
-
Breakthrough in early osteoarthritis diagnoses, potentially improving patient outcomes
“Early [osteoarthritis] diagnosis is critical. … Computed tomography (CT) has been considered for cartilage imaging … by introducing radio-opaque contrast agents like ioxaglate (IOX) into the joint. IOX, however, is anionic and thus repelled by negatively charged cartilage glycosaminoglycans. … Here we engineer optimally charged cationic contrast agents … such that they can penetrate through the full thickness of cartilage.” Read “Cationic Carrier Mediated Delivery of Anionic Contrast Agents in Low Doses Enable Enhanced Computed Tomography Imaging of Cartilage for Early Osteoarthritis Diagnosis” and see the full list of authors in ACS Publications.
-
Magowan publishes short story ‘Litter Box’
Kim Magowan, adjunct professor of English and Aurelia H. Reinhardt professor of American literature at Mills College at Northeastern University, has published the short story “Litter Box.” “Litter Box” tells the story of one woman’s spur-of-the-moment trip to London and her confusion around how life has brought her there.
-
‘Highly-Sensitive Label-Free Deep Profiling of N-glycans Released From Biomedically-Relevant Samples’
“Alterations of protein glycosylation can serve as sensitive and specific disease biomarkers. Labeling procedures for improved separation and detectability of oligosaccharides have several drawbacks, including incomplete derivatization, side-products, noticeable desialylation/defucosylation, sample loss, and interference with downstream analyses. Here, we develop a label-free workflow based on high sensitivity capillary zone electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CZE-MS) for profiling of native underivatized released N-glycans.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors at Nature Communications.
-
Patent award for device that classifies wireless signals
“Electrical and computer engineering research assistant professor Salvatore D’Oro, William Lincoln Smith Professor Tommaso Melodia, and assistant professor Francesco Restuccia were awarded a patent for ‘Device and Method for Reliable Classification of Wireless Signals.'”
-
Patent for ‘Real-Time Cognitive Wireless Networking’
“Electrical and computer engineering assistant professor Francesco Restuccia and William L. Smith Professor Tommaso Melodia were awarded a patent for ‘Real-Time Cognitive Wireless Networking Through Deep Learning in Transmission and Reception Communication Paths.'”
-
Using deep neural networks to model complex wave patterns
Researchers have “Developed data-driven models to estimate wave parameters and spectra near the” Chesapeake Bay Bridge Tunnel. “To estimate wave parameters and energy spectra near the CBBT, novel composite data-driven models were developed using the wind, water level, and offshore wave data” were used in “deep neural networks” to model a complex wave environment with relatively low computational resources. Read “Data-driven modeling of Bay-Ocean wave spectra at bridge-tunnel crossing of Chesapeake Bay, USA” and see the full list of authors in Applied Ocean Research.
-
‘Nonspherical Ultrasound Microbubbles’
“Bioengineering assistant professor Tao Sun recently published his postdoctoral research from the John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Brigham and Women’s Hospital on ‘Nonspherical Ultrasound Microbubbles’ in PNAS.”
-
‘Mechanical Properties’ paper featured on cover of Advanced Engineering Materials
Associate professor of mechanical and industrial engineering Yaning Li and co-author Siyao Liu have published a new paper titled “Mechanical Properties of Cochiral and Contrachiral Mechanical Metamaterials Under Different Temperatures,” which was featured on the cover of Advanced Engineering Materials, March 2023. From the abstract: “Cochiral and contrachiral mechanical metamaterials are designed by introducing chiral cells with different handedness to the center of the basic chiral cell. Both single-material designs and multimaterial designs are explored. The designs are fabricated via a multimaterial 3D printer, and uniaxial tension experiments are performed in a thermal chamber at two different temperatures.”
-
‘Erasing Concepts From Diffusion Models’
“Motivated by recent advancements in text-to-image diffusion, we study erasure of specific concepts from the model’s weights. While Stable Diffusion has shown promise in producing explicit or realistic artwork, it has raised concerns regarding its potential for misuse. We propose a fine-tuning method that can erase a visual concept from a pre-trained diffusion model, given only the name of the style and using negative guidance as a teacher.” Read the paper and see the full list of authors in ArXiv.
-
A bellwether of embeddedness: One professor says that ‘the AI system … keeping me alive is ruining my life’
Professor Laura Forlano writes how an insulin pump AI system, which promised to “dynamically adjust blood sugar when compared to the previous linear system,” has actually required such frequent human-computer interactions as to make it medically detrimental. “Rather than dismiss this particular system as bad engineering,” she argues, “it’s more useful to think of it as a bellwether for a world in which autonomous systems are likely to be increasingly embedded in everyday life.” Read “When Things Go Beep in the Night: The AI system that is keeping me alive is ruining my life” at Data & Society: Points.