Title
Topic
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‘Unicorn, Hare or Tortoise? Using Machine Learning To Predict Working Memory Training Performance’
“People differ considerably in the extent to which they benefit from working memory (WM) training. … In the current study, 568 undergraduates completed one of several N-back intervention variants over the course of two weeks. … We applied machine-learning algorithms to train a binary tree model to predict individuals’ training patterns relying on several individual difference variables that have been identified as relevant in previous literature. … We found that our classification model showed good predictive power in distinguishing between high performers and relatively lower performers.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the Journal of Cognition.
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Designing chips for AI-enabled spectrum perception
“Electrical and computer engineering assistant professor Francesco Restuccia — in collaboration with Arjuna Madanayake from Florida International University, Vishal Saxena from the University of Delaware and Jia Di from the University of Arkansas — was awarded a $2,000,000 NSF grant for ‘FuSe: Deep Learning and Signal Processing Using Silicon Photonics and Digital CMOS Circuits for Ultra-Wideband Spectrum Perception.'”
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Spinout company Fourier LLC to revolutionize thermal management
“After pioneering thermoforming technical ceramic matrix composites last year, mechanical and industrial engineering associate professor Randall Erb and mechanical engineering alum Jason Hoffman-Bice, PhD’22, have created a spinout company called Fourier LLC to commercialize their groundbreaking innovation in thermal management.”
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Reshaping spectrum sharing above 100 GHz
“Electrical and computer engineering professors Josep Jornet (PI), Tommaso Melodia, principal research scientists Michele Polese, Michael Marcus and associate research scientist Vitaly Petrov, in collaboration with Steven Reising from Colorado State University, were awarded a $750,000 NSF grant for ‘DASS: Dynamically Adjustable Spectrum Sharing between Ground Communication Networks and Earth Exploration Satellite Systems Above 100 GHz.'”
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‘Assessing the Potential for the Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) Mission for Constituent Flux Estimations’
“The recently launched Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite will simultaneously measure river surface water widths, elevations, and slopes. These novel observations combined with assumptions for unobserved bathymetry and roughness enable the derivation of river discharge. … SWOT has an irregular flyover frequency, ranging from roughly 1 to 10 times per 21 days. Here, we present how best to use SWOT data when it becomes live, including consideration of how best to accommodate or utilize the irregular flyover frequency of SWOT as it intersects with river reaches.” Find the paper and full list of authors at Frontiers in Earth Science.
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‘Hierarchical Structure Formation by Crystal Growth-Front Instabilities During Ice Templating’
“Directional solidification of aqueous solutions and slurries in a temperature gradient is widely used to produce cellular materials through a phase separation of solutes or suspended particles between growing ice lamellae. While this process has analogies to the directional solidification of metallurgical alloys, it forms very different hierarchical structures. … We show that the flat side of lamellae forms because of slow faceted ice-crystal growth along the c-axis, while weakly anisotropic fast growth in other directions, including the basal plane, is responsible for the unilateral features.” Find the paper and full list of authors at PNAS.
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‘Electric Shock Causes a Fleeing-Like Persistent Behavioral Response in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans’
“Behavioral persistency reflects internal brain states, which are the foundations of multiple brain functions. However, experimental paradigms enabling genetic analyses of behavioral persistency and its associated brain functions have been limited. Here, we report novel persistent behavioral responses caused by electric stimuli in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. When the animals on bacterial food are stimulated by alternating current, their movement speed suddenly increases 2- to 3-fold, persisting for more than 1 minute even after a 5-second stimulation.” Find the paper and full list of authors at Genetics.
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‘Considerations for Electrochemical Phosphorus Precipitation: A Figures of Merit Approach’
“Electrochemical phosphorus precipitation (EPP) from wastewater is a promising emerging technology for recovering valuable nutrients. While there are significant advantages of EPP compared to traditional phosphorus recovery, large gaps in reported performance exist between EPP methods and between EPP and industrial methods. Herein we discuss Figures of Merit (FOM) to normalize and report EPP performance at low-to-intermediate technology readiness levels (TRLs).” Find the paper and full list of authors in The Electrochemical Society Interface.
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‘Hospice Satisfaction Among Patients, Family and Caregivers: A Systematic Review of the Literature’
“Hospice care is an underused form of intervention at the end of life. … Methods: A PRISMA-guided review of the research on hospice care satisfaction and its correlates among patients, families and other caregivers. Included in the review is research published over the time period 2000-2023 identifying a hospice care satisfaction finding. … Key findings were: (a) higher levels of hospice care satisfaction among patients, families and other caregivers; and (b) correlates of hospice care satisfaction falling into the categories of communication, comfort and support.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the American Journal of Hospice and…
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‘ShadowNet: A Secure and Efficient On-Device Model Inference System for Convolutional Neural Networks’
“With the increased usage of AI accelerators on mobile and edge devices, on-device machine learning (ML) is gaining popularity. Thousands of proprietary ML models are being deployed today on billions of untrusted devices. This raises serious security concerns about model privacy. … In this paper, we present a novel on-device model inference system, ShadowNet. ShadowNet protects the model privacy with Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) while securely outsourcing the heavy linear layers of the model to the untrusted hardware accelerators.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy.
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‘Secure Multiparty Computation With Identifiable Abort From Vindicating Release’
“In the dishonest-majority setting, generic secure multiparty computation (MPC) protocols are fundamentally vulnerable to attacks in which malicious participants learn their outputs and then force the protocol to abort before outputs are delivered to the honest participants. … We present a novel approach for realizing functionalities with a weak form of input-revealing [identifiable abort], which is based on delicate and selective revealing of committed input values. We refer to this new approach as vindicating release.” Find the paper and full list of authors at Cryptology ePrint Archive.
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‘A Hybrid Partitioning Strategy for Backward Reachability of Neural Feedback Loops’
“As neural networks become more integrated into the systems that we depend on for transportation, medicine and security, it becomes increasingly important that we develop methods to analyze their behavior to ensure that they are safe to use within these contexts. The methods used in this paper seek to certify safety for closed-loop systems with neural network controllers, i.e., neural feedback loops, using backward reachability analysis.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the American Control Conference proceedings.
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‘RAMP: A Risk-Aware Mapping and Planning Pipeline for Fast Off-Road Ground Robot Navigation’
“A key challenge in fast ground robot navigation in 3D terrain is balancing robot speed and safety. Recent work has shown that 2.5D maps (2D representations with additional 3D information) are ideal for real-time safe and fast planning. However, the prevalent approach of generating 2D occupancy grids through raytracing makes the generated map unsafe to plan in. … The RAMP pipeline proposed here solves these issues using new mapping and planning methods.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation.
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‘Level Assembly as a Markov Decision Process’
“Many games feature a progression of levels that doesn’t adapt to the player. This can be problematic because some players may get stuck … while others may find it boring if the progression is too slow to get to more challenging levels. This can be addressed by building levels based on the player’s performance and preferences. In this work, we formulate the problem of generating levels for a player as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and use adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) to solve the MDP before assembling a level.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Re-trainable Procedural Level Generation via Machine Learning (RT-PLGML) as Game Mechanic’
“We present re-trainable procedural level generation via machine learning (RT-PLGML), a game mechanic of providing in-game training examples for a PLGML system. We discuss opportunities and challenges, along with concept RT-PLGML games.” Find the paper and full list of authors at Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
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‘Solder: Retrofitting Legacy Code with Cross-Language Patches’
“Internet-of-things devices are widely deployed, and suffer from easy-to-exploit security issues. … Because patch deployments tend to be focused on server-side vulnerabilities, client software in large codebases such as Apache may remain largely unpatched, and hence, vulnerable. … In this paper, we address this issue of leaving latent vulnerabilities in legacy codebases. We propose Solder, a framework to patch or retrofit legacy C/C++ code by replacing any target function with a newly-implemented one in a safe language such as Rust.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering proceedings.
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‘On Regularity Lemma and Barriers in Streaming and Dynamic Matching’
“We present a new approach for finding matchings in dense graphs by building on Szemerédi’s celebrated Regularity Lemma. This allows us to obtain non-trivial albeit slight improvements over longstanding bounds for matchings in streaming and dynamic graphs.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the Proceedings of the 55th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing.
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‘Complex Network Effects on the Robustness of Graph Convolutional Networks’
“Vertex classification — the problem of identifying the class labels of nodes in a graph — has applicability in a wide variety of domains. Examples include classifying subject areas of papers in citation networks or roles of machines in a computer network. Vertex classification using graph convolutional networks is susceptible to targeted poisoning attacks, in which both graph structure and node attributes can be changed in an attempt to misclassify a target node. … This paper considers an alternative: we leverage network characteristics in the training data selection process to improve robustness of vertex classifiers.” Find the paper and list…
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‘PaniniQA: Enhancing Patient Education Through Interactive Question Answering’
“Patient portal allows discharged patients to access their personalized discharge instructions in electronic health records (EHRs). However, many patients have difficulty understanding or memorizing their discharge instructions. In this paper, we present PaniniQA, a patient-centric interactive question answering system designed to help patients understand their discharge instructions. PaniniQA first identifies important clinical content from patients’ discharge instructions and then formulates patient-specific educational questions.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘SEIL: Simulation-Augmented Equivariant Imitation Learning’
“In robotic manipulation … traditional image-level data augmentation has shown the potential to improve sample efficiency in various machine learning tasks. However, image-level data augmentation is insufficient for an imitation learning agent to learn good manipulation policies in a reasonable amount of demonstrations. We propose Simulation-augmented Equivariant Imitation Learning (SEIL), a method that combines a novel data augmentation strategy of supplementing expert trajectories with simulated transitions and an equivariant model that exploits the O(2) symmetry in robotic manipulation.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation proceedings.
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‘Leveraging Symmetries in Pick and Place’
“A recently proposed [robotic] pick and place framework known as Transporter Net captures some of these symmetries, but not all. This paper analytically studies the symmetries present in planar robotic pick and place and proposes a method of incorporating equivariant neural models into Transporter Net in a way that captures all symmetries. The new model, which we call Equivariant Transporter Net, is equivariant to both pick and place symmetries and can immediately generalize pick and place knowledge to different pick and place poses.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Balancing Biases and Preserving Privacy on Balanced Faces in the Wild’
“There are demographic biases present in current facial recognition (FR) models. To measure these biases across different ethnic and gender subgroups, we introduce our Balanced Faces in the Wild (BFW) dataset. … We found that relying on a single score threshold to differentiate between genuine and imposters sample pairs leads to suboptimal results. Additionally, performance within subgroups often varies significantly from the global average. … To mitigate imbalanced performances, we propose a novel domain adaptation learning scheme that uses facial features extracted from state-of-the-art neural networks.” Find the paper and full list of authors at IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.
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‘Q: How To Specialize Large Vision-Language Models to Data-Scarce VQA Tasks? A: Self-Train on Unlabeled Images!’
“Finetuning a large vision language model (VLM) on a target dataset after large scale pretraining is a dominant paradigm in visual question answering (VQA). Datasets for specialized tasks such as knowledge-based VQA or VQA in non natural-image domains are orders of magnitude smaller than those for general-purpose VQA. While collecting additional labels for specialized tasks or domains can be challenging, unlabeled images are often available. We introduce SelTDA (Self-Taught Data Augmentation), a strategy for finetuning large VLMs on small-scale VQA datasets.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘SnapFusion: Text-to-Image Diffusion Model on Mobile Devices Within Two Seconds’
“Text-to-image diffusion models can create stunning images from natural language descriptions that rival the work of professional artists and photographers. However, these models are large, with complex network architectures and tens of denoising iterations, making them computationally expensive and slow to run. … This is costly and has privacy implications, especially when user data is sent to a third party. To overcome these challenges, we present a generic approach that, for the first time, unlocks running text-to-image diffusion models on mobile devices in less than 2 seconds.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Hybrid Pixel-Unshuffled Network for Lightweight Image Super-resolution’
“Convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved great success on image super-resolution (SR). However, most deep CNN-based SR models take massive computations to obtain high performance. Downsampling features for multi-resolution fusion is an efficient and effective way to improve the performance of visual recognition. Still, it is counter-intuitive in the SR task, which needs to project a low-resolution input to high-resolution. In this paper, we propose a novel Hybrid Pixel-Unshuffled Network (HPUN) by introducing an efficient and effective downsampling module into the SR task.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence proceedings.
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‘Generative Benchmark Creation for Table Union Search’
“Data management has traditionally relied on synthetic data generators to generate structured benchmarks … where we can control important parameters like data size and its distribution precisely. … Our current methods for creating benchmarks involve the manual curation and labeling of real data. These methods are not robust or scalable and … it is not clear how robust the created benchmarks are. We propose to use generative AI models to create structured data benchmarks for table union search. We present a novel method for using generative models to create tables with specified properties.” Find the paper and full list of…
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‘Generative Multi-Label Correlation Learning’
“In real-world applications, … multi-label learning methods emerged in recent years. It is a more challenging problem for many reasons. … In general, overcoming these challenges and bettering learning performance could be achieved by utilizing more training samples and including label correlations. However, these solutions are expensive and inflexible. Large-scale, well-labeled datasets are difficult to obtain, and building label correlation maps requires task-specific semantic information as prior knowledge. To address these limitations, we propose a general and compact Multi-Label Correlation Learning (MUCO) framework.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data.
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‘Multitask Learning via Shared Features: Algorithms and Hardness’
“We investigate the computational efficiency of multitask learning of Boolean functions over the 𝑑-dimensional hypercube, that are related by means of a feature representation of size 𝑘≪𝑑 shared across all tasks. We present a polynomial time multitask learning algorithm for the concept class of halfspaces with margin 𝛾, which is based on a simultaneous boosting technique and requires only poly(𝑘/𝛾) samples-per-task and poly(𝑘log(𝑑)/𝛾) samples in total.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the Machine Learning Research proceedings.
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‘SNAP: Efficient Extraction of Private Properties with Poisoning’
“Property inference attacks allow an adversary to extract global properties of the training dataset from a machine learning model. … Several existing approaches for property inference attacks against deep neural networks have been proposed, but they all rely on the attacker training a large number of shadow models. … We consider the setting of property inference attacks in which the attacker can poison a subset of the training dataset and query the trained target model.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy proceedings.