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Vincent Harris, research and industry leader in magnetic ceramics, receives lifetime achievement award
University Distinguished Professor Vincent Harris accepted a lifetime achievement award from the American Ceramic Society on Oct. 2 for his work on magnetoceramics, helping to usher in 5G technology.
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‘PaniniQA: Enhancing Patient Education Through Interactive Question Answering’
“Patient portal allows discharged patients to access their personalized discharge instructions in electronic health records (EHRs). However, many patients have difficulty understanding or memorizing their discharge instructions. In this paper, we present PaniniQA, a patient-centric interactive question answering system designed to help patients understand their discharge instructions. PaniniQA first identifies important clinical content from patients’ discharge instructions and then formulates patient-specific educational questions.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘SEIL: Simulation-Augmented Equivariant Imitation Learning’
“In robotic manipulation … traditional image-level data augmentation has shown the potential to improve sample efficiency in various machine learning tasks. However, image-level data augmentation is insufficient for an imitation learning agent to learn good manipulation policies in a reasonable amount of demonstrations. We propose Simulation-augmented Equivariant Imitation Learning (SEIL), a method that combines a novel data augmentation strategy of supplementing expert trajectories with simulated transitions and an equivariant model that exploits the O(2) symmetry in robotic manipulation.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation proceedings.
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‘Leveraging Symmetries in Pick and Place’
“A recently proposed [robotic] pick and place framework known as Transporter Net captures some of these symmetries, but not all. This paper analytically studies the symmetries present in planar robotic pick and place and proposes a method of incorporating equivariant neural models into Transporter Net in a way that captures all symmetries. The new model, which we call Equivariant Transporter Net, is equivariant to both pick and place symmetries and can immediately generalize pick and place knowledge to different pick and place poses.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Balancing Biases and Preserving Privacy on Balanced Faces in the Wild’
“There are demographic biases present in current facial recognition (FR) models. To measure these biases across different ethnic and gender subgroups, we introduce our Balanced Faces in the Wild (BFW) dataset. … We found that relying on a single score threshold to differentiate between genuine and imposters sample pairs leads to suboptimal results. Additionally, performance within subgroups often varies significantly from the global average. … To mitigate imbalanced performances, we propose a novel domain adaptation learning scheme that uses facial features extracted from state-of-the-art neural networks.” Find the paper and full list of authors at IEEE Transactions on Image Processing.
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‘Q: How To Specialize Large Vision-Language Models to Data-Scarce VQA Tasks? A: Self-Train on Unlabeled Images!’
“Finetuning a large vision language model (VLM) on a target dataset after large scale pretraining is a dominant paradigm in visual question answering (VQA). Datasets for specialized tasks such as knowledge-based VQA or VQA in non natural-image domains are orders of magnitude smaller than those for general-purpose VQA. While collecting additional labels for specialized tasks or domains can be challenging, unlabeled images are often available. We introduce SelTDA (Self-Taught Data Augmentation), a strategy for finetuning large VLMs on small-scale VQA datasets.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘SnapFusion: Text-to-Image Diffusion Model on Mobile Devices Within Two Seconds’
“Text-to-image diffusion models can create stunning images from natural language descriptions that rival the work of professional artists and photographers. However, these models are large, with complex network architectures and tens of denoising iterations, making them computationally expensive and slow to run. … This is costly and has privacy implications, especially when user data is sent to a third party. To overcome these challenges, we present a generic approach that, for the first time, unlocks running text-to-image diffusion models on mobile devices in less than 2 seconds.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Hybrid Pixel-Unshuffled Network for Lightweight Image Super-resolution’
“Convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved great success on image super-resolution (SR). However, most deep CNN-based SR models take massive computations to obtain high performance. Downsampling features for multi-resolution fusion is an efficient and effective way to improve the performance of visual recognition. Still, it is counter-intuitive in the SR task, which needs to project a low-resolution input to high-resolution. In this paper, we propose a novel Hybrid Pixel-Unshuffled Network (HPUN) by introducing an efficient and effective downsampling module into the SR task.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence proceedings.
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‘Generative Benchmark Creation for Table Union Search’
“Data management has traditionally relied on synthetic data generators to generate structured benchmarks … where we can control important parameters like data size and its distribution precisely. … Our current methods for creating benchmarks involve the manual curation and labeling of real data. These methods are not robust or scalable and … it is not clear how robust the created benchmarks are. We propose to use generative AI models to create structured data benchmarks for table union search. We present a novel method for using generative models to create tables with specified properties.” Find the paper and full list of…
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‘Generative Multi-Label Correlation Learning’
“In real-world applications, … multi-label learning methods emerged in recent years. It is a more challenging problem for many reasons. … In general, overcoming these challenges and bettering learning performance could be achieved by utilizing more training samples and including label correlations. However, these solutions are expensive and inflexible. Large-scale, well-labeled datasets are difficult to obtain, and building label correlation maps requires task-specific semantic information as prior knowledge. To address these limitations, we propose a general and compact Multi-Label Correlation Learning (MUCO) framework.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data.
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‘Multitask Learning via Shared Features: Algorithms and Hardness’
“We investigate the computational efficiency of multitask learning of Boolean functions over the 𝑑-dimensional hypercube, that are related by means of a feature representation of size 𝑘≪𝑑 shared across all tasks. We present a polynomial time multitask learning algorithm for the concept class of halfspaces with margin 𝛾, which is based on a simultaneous boosting technique and requires only poly(𝑘/𝛾) samples-per-task and poly(𝑘log(𝑑)/𝛾) samples in total.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the Machine Learning Research proceedings.
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‘SNAP: Efficient Extraction of Private Properties with Poisoning’
“Property inference attacks allow an adversary to extract global properties of the training dataset from a machine learning model. … Several existing approaches for property inference attacks against deep neural networks have been proposed, but they all rely on the attacker training a large number of shadow models. … We consider the setting of property inference attacks in which the attacker can poison a subset of the training dataset and query the trained target model.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy proceedings.
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‘Smooth Lower Bounds for Differentially Private Algorithms via Padding-and-Permuting Fingerprinting Codes’
“Fingerprinting arguments … are the most widely used method for establishing lower bounds on the sample complexity or error of approximately differentially private (DP) algorithms. Still, there are many problems in differential privacy for which we don’t know suitable lower bounds, and even for problems that we do, the lower bounds are not smooth, and usually become vacuous when the error is larger than some threshold. In this work, we present a simple method to generate hard instances by applying a padding-and-permuting transformation to a fingerprinting code.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Layout Representation Learning With Spatial and Structural Hierarchies’
“We present a novel hierarchical modeling method for layout representation learning, the core of design documents (e.g., user interface, poster, template). Existing works on layout representation often ignore element hierarchies, which is an important facet of layouts, and mainly rely on the spatial bounding boxes for feature extraction. This paper proposes a Spatial-Structural Hierarchical Auto-Encoder (SSH-AE) that learns hierarchical representation by treating a hierarchically annotated layout as a tree format.” Find the paper and full list of authors at the Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.
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How does social media affect adolescent mental health? This researcher wants to find out
Assistant professor of psychology Alexandra Rodman is conducting a “digital phenotyping” study that will track how adolescents use their computers, cellphones and social media, and how this use impacts their risk for future mental health problems.
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Ostadabbas selected as Eureka Award finalist within 2023 Oracle Excellence Awards
“Electrical and computer engineering associate professor Sarah Ostadabbas was selected as one of the finalists of the Eureka Award of the 2023 Oracle Excellence Awards. With Oracle for Research, researchers in academic, commercial and governmental settings, across all disciplines, are exploring novel ways to achieve ground-breaking results to make the world a better place.”
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Designing exoskeletons to be more versatile and accessible
“Bouvé and mechanical and industrial engineering assistant professor Max Shepherd, in collaboration with Aaron Young from Georgia Tech, was awarded an $800,000 NSF grant for ‘Towards Task-Agnostic and Device-Agnostic Ankle Exoskeleton Control for Mobility Enhancement.'”
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Improving power delivery for high-performance computing
“Electrical and computer engineerings professor Nian Sun and associate professor Aatmesh Shrivastava, in collaboration with Khurram Afridi and Huili (Grace) Xing from Cornell University, were awarded a $2,000,000 NSF grant for ‘Heterogeneous Integration in Power Electronics for High-Performance Computing (HIPE-HPC).’ This grant was awarded as part of the NSF Future of Semiconductors (FuSe) program.”
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‘A Large Scale Analysis of Semantic Versioning in NPM’
“The NPM package repository contains over two million packages and serves tens of billions of downloads per-week. Nearly every single JavaScript application uses the NPM package manager to install packages from the NPM repository. NPM relies on a ‘semantic versioning’ (‘semver’) scheme to maintain a healthy ecosystem, where bug-fixes are reliably delivered to downstream packages as quickly as possible. … In order to understand how developers use semver, we build a dataset containing every version of every package on NPM and analyze the flow of updates throughout the ecosystem.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Improving Cross-Domain Detection with Self-Supervised Learning’
“Cross-Domain Detection (XDD) aims to train a domain-adaptive object detector using unlabeled images from a target domain and labeled images from a source domain. Existing approaches achieve this either by transferring the style of source images to that of target images, or by aligning the features of images from the two domains. In this paper, rather than proposing another method following the existing lines, we introduce a new framework complementary to existing methods.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops.
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‘Trainability Preserving Neural Pruning’
“Many recent works have shown trainability plays a central role in neural network pruning — unattended broken trainability can lead to severe under-performance and unintentionally amplify the effect of retraining learning rate, resulting in biased (or even misinterpreted) benchmark results. This paper introduces trainability preserving pruning (TPP), a scalable method to preserve network trainability against pruning, aiming for improved pruning performance and being more robust to retraining hyper-parameters (e.g., learning rate).” Find the paper and full list of authors at Open Review. Published at ICLR 2023.
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‘Sharing Speaker Heart Rate With the Audience Elicits Empathy and Increases Persuasion’
“Persuasion is a primary goal of public speaking, and eliciting audience empathy increases persuasion. In this research, we explore sharing a speaker’s heart rate as a social cue, to elicit empathy and increase persuasion in the audience. In particular, we developed two interfaces embedding the speaker’s heart rate over a recorded presentation video. … We observed that heart rate sharing significantly increased persuasion for participants with normal baseline empathy levels and increased empathic accuracy for all participants.” Find the paper and full list of authors in the journal of the International Conference on Persuasive Technology.
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‘Sturgeon-GRAPH: Constrained Graph Generation From Examples’
“Procedural level generation techniques that learn local neighborhoods from example levels (such as WaveFunctionCollapse) have risen in popularity. Usually the neighborhood structure (such as a regular grid) onto which a level is generated is fixed in advance and not generated. In this work, we present a constraint-based approach for graph generation that learns local neighborhood patterns (in the form of labeled nodes and edges) from example graphs. This allows the approach to generate graphs with varying structures that are still locally similar to the examples.”
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‘LRPRNet: Lightweight Deep Network by Low-Rank Pointwise Residual Convolution’
“Deep learning has become popular in recent years primarily due to powerful computing devices such as graphics processing units (GPUs). However, it is challenging to deploy these deep models to multimedia devices, smartphones, or embedded systems with limited resources. To reduce the computation and memory costs, we propose a novel lightweight deep learning module by low-rank pointwise residual (LRPR) convolution, called LRPRNet.” Find the paper and full list of authors at IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems.
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‘Principles and Guidelines for Evaluating Social Robot Navigation Algorithms’
“A major challenge to deploying robots widely is navigation in human-populated environments, commonly referred to as social robot navigation. While the field of social navigation has advanced tremendously in recent years, the fair evaluation of algorithms that tackle social navigation remains hard. … In contrast, clear, repeatable, and accessible benchmarks have accelerated progress in fields like computer vision, natural language processing and traditional robot navigation. … In this paper, we pave the road towards common, widely accessible, and repeatable benchmarking criteria to evaluate social robot navigation.” Find the paper and full list of authors at ArXiv.
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‘Using Overlapping Methods To Counter Adversaries in Community Detection’
“When dealing with large graphs, community detection is a useful data triage tool that can identify subsets of the network that a data analyst should investigate. In an adversarial scenario, the graph may be manipulated to avoid scrutiny of certain nodes by the analyst. Robustness to such behavior is an important consideration for data analysts in high-stakes scenarios such as cyber defense and counterterrorism. In this paper, we evaluate the use of overlapping community detection methods in the presence of adversarial attacks aimed at lowering the priority of a specific vertex. Find the paper and full list of authors at…
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‘Fast and Simple Solutions of Blotto Games’
“The Colonel Blotto game is commonly used for analyzing a wide range of applications from the U.S. Presidential election to innovative technology competitions to advertising, sports, and politics. There are persistent efforts to find the optimal strategies for the Colonel Blotto game. However, the first polynomial-time algorithm for that has very recently been provided by Ahmadinejad, [et al.]. … In this paper, we provide the first polynomial-size LP formulation of the optimal strategies for the Colonel Blotto game using linear extension techniques.” Find the paper and full list of authors at Operations Research.
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‘The Pseudorandom Oracle Model and Ideal Obfuscation’
“We introduce a new idealized model of hash functions, which we refer to as the pseudorandom oracle (PrO) model. Intuitively, it allows us to model cryptosystems that use the code of an ideal hash function in a non-black-box way. Formally, we model hash functions via a combination of a pseudorandom function (PRF) family and an ideal oracle. A user can initialize the hash function by choosing a PRF key k and mapping it to a public handle h using the oracle.” Find the paper and full list of authors in Advances in Cryptology.