Joan Fitzgerald, professor of public policy and urban affairs, argues that “Reaching the goals of the Massachusetts clean energy and climate bill… will require a massive shift from heating our homes with gas and oil to electric heat pumps that do both heating and cooling.” Fitzgerald details some of the problems that average homeowners experience when they face the prospect of shifting to heat pumps, describes the costs and involved, and reiterates the importance of moving to more carbon-efficient heating units.