Everything you want to know about fireworks thisFourth of July
Fireworks bring Independence Day celebrations to new heights. But today’s complex aerial displays would likely be unrecognizable to the people who invented fireworks. Explore their humble beginnings and what makes them pop with this interactive explainer.
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The history of fireworks
How do fireworks work?
Aerial fireworks are usually manufactured as a shell that is made up of four parts. The container consists of pasted paper. A timed fuse allows the shell to reach the desired altitude before exploding. A bursting charge made of black powder (like a firecracker) is at the center of the shell. Around the black powder are “stars” in various patterns. These contain metals such as copper, barium, and strontium, which provide the colors of the fireworks. Northeastern professor Michael Pollastri explains the science behind fireworks in greater detail here.
(Click the rockets to reveal the answer)

Have a safe Fourth of July!
- When lighting fireworks:
Keep a supply of water close by as a precaution.
Wear eye protection when lighting fireworks.
Never pick up or try to relight a “dud.”
Aim for the sky. Never throw or point fireworks at people or animals.
Only use fireworks outside.
- Barbecue:
Never grill indoors.
Keep the grill away from houses, trees, and other things that could catch fire.
Never throw starter fluid on a fire that has already been ignited.
Here are some great barbecue tips.
- And don’t forget:
Wear sunscreen!