“In this special issue introduc-tion, we analyze how a firm’s international ownershipaffects its global strategy. We reinterpret the literatureby grouping dominant owners into four categories:(1) individuals (entrepreneurs and families), (2) labor(managers and employees), (3) state (national and sub-national governments), and (4) institutions (pensionfunds, mutual funds, hedge funds, private equity, ven-ture capital, and impact investors). We argue thatalthough all seek financial returns from their invest-ments, they differ markedly in their non-financialobjectives, resulting in differences in strategies forexpanding abroad.”

Find the paper and full list of authors in Global Strategy Journal.